Energia solar Vaixells solars Eivissa Mobilitat elèctrica

Un vaixell solar artesanal arriba a Eivissa després de 5.000 km sense combustible

El Helios 11 completa la travessa fins a Eivissa amb energia solar. El vídeo mostra el pressupost energètic, les modificacions del casc i els imprevistos d’una ruta iniciada a Finlàndia.

De Finlàndia a Eivissa amb el sol com a combustible

Lukas Sjöman ha arribat a Eivissa amb el Helios 11, un vaixell elèctric construït per ell mateix i alimentat pels panells solars de la coberta. El vídeo del canal True North documenta l’últim tram d’una ruta iniciada a Finlàndia i recorreguda sense repostar combustible per a la propulsió.

El títol parla de 5.000 quilòmetres, mentre que una crònica posterior situa el recorregut acumulat al voltant dels 5.700. La diferència pot dependre del moment o de la manera de comptar la ruta. El que mostra la gravació és més concret: una navegació per la costa mediterrània —la Ràpita, Vinaròs, València, Dénia i Xàbia— abans d’una travessa d’unes 55 milles nàutiques fins a Eivissa.

No és només un vídeo de celebració. Bona part del relat consisteix a provar, equivocar-se i modificar el prototip mentre continua vivint-hi.

Un bot auxiliar fabricat amb fusta i escuma

La història comença a la Ràpita, després del robatori del bot auxiliar. Sense una embarcació petita és difícil anar del fondeig a terra, i els problemes amb diversos enviaments impedeixen comprar-ne una ràpidament. Sjöman opta per construir un petit catamarà amb dos blocs d’escuma i una plataforma de fusta.

La primera prova confirma que flota i que és prou estable per transportar una persona. No és ràpid ni hidrodinàmic, però resol una necessitat immediata. El mateix enfocament apareix repetidament al Helios: les peces no sempre són definitives, però es poden reparar amb eines senzilles i materials disponibles.

En paral·lel, el creador explica que ja prepara plànols d’una versió optimitzada del vaixell, amb més superfície solar i més espai habitable. Un amic ha començat a fabricar els primers envans de contraplacat a Suècia, encara que les dimensions finals continuen obertes.

El problema dels flotadors laterals

Una de les proves més interessants és l’addició de dos flotadors laterals per convertir temporalment el casc en una mena de trimarà. L’objectiu és reduir el balanceig i guanyar comoditat. Visualment sembla que els flotadors arrosseguen molta aigua, i el creador decideix mesurar-ne l’efecte.

Primer neteja el fons del casc per evitar que la brutícia distorsioni el resultat. Després navega amb una potència total indicada de 6.000 watts. La comparació mostra una pèrdua aproximada de mig nus amb els flotadors. Sjöman considera millorar-ne la forma amb escuma, però finalment els retira durant la navegació.

La solució alternativa és utilitzar un braç lateral només quan està fondejat. Hi penja cadena, escuma i altres elements que ofereixen resistència al moviment de l’aigua. Així obté estabilitat a l’ancoratge sense pagar la penalització hidrodinàmica durant la ruta. És un bon exemple de com el prototip separa dues necessitats que inicialment intentava resoldre amb una sola peça.

Calor, soroll i danys als panells

A València, amb uns 31 graus a l’exterior, l’interior es manté habitable mentre hi ha corrent d’aire entre la finestra frontal i la porta posterior. Sjöman conclou que les superfícies de vidre aporten més calor perceptible que la pintura negra del casc. És una observació del seu vaixell, no una mesura tèrmica aplicable automàticament a qualsevol embarcació.

El trajecte també inclou un incident: des d’un pont llancen pedres i una impacta contra un panell solar. L’endemà compara a l’aplicació de Victron la producció amb la del dia anterior a una hora similar i no detecta cap pèrdua mesurable. Això no prova que el mòdul no tingui danys interns, però sí que continuava produint amb normalitat en aquella comprovació.

El pressupost energètic de la travessa

Abans de sortir de Xàbia, calcula unes 50 milles nàutiques i unes vuit hores de navegació, amb vent feble. Afirma disposar d’una autonomia de bateria superior a 150 milles, una estimació condicionada per velocitat, onatge, vent i consum dels serveis de bord.

La sortida es fa abans de l’alba. Durant unes quatre hores amb producció solar gairebé nul·la, el vaixell consumeix aproximadament 8 kWh de la bateria, segons les xifres que mostra el creador. Quan surt el sol, l’entrada puja primer a uns 1.700 W i més tard supera els 3.000 W. Això li permet augmentar la potència de propulsió sense continuar buidant la bateria al mateix ritme.

En arribar, Sjöman indica que conserva aproximadament un 65% de càrrega després d’un tram de 55 milles, bona part fet en foscor. Els panells continuen carregant durant la tarda. Són dades llegides del sistema del prototip, no una prova homologada, però permeten entendre la lògica del viatge: navegar a una velocitat moderada, adaptar la demanda a la radiació disponible i conservar marge per als imprevistos.

Què demostra —i què no— el viatge

El Helios 11, d’uns onze metres segons la informació publicada sobre el projecte, està construït amb contraplacat marí, fibra de vidre, bateries de 48 volts, motor elèctric i una vela auxiliar. Haver completat milers de quilòmetres mostra que un vaixell lleuger i eficient pot convertir una superfície solar limitada en desplaçament real i vida a bord.

«Sense combustible» descriu la propulsió del trajecte, però no significa impacte ambiental zero: fabricar bateries, panells, resines i estructura també consumeix materials i energia. Tampoc converteix el prototip en una solució universal. La velocitat, el temps, l’estat del mar i la facilitat de reparació continuen marcant-ne l’ús.

En resum

  • El Helios arriba a Eivissa després d’una ruta iniciada a Finlàndia.
  • La travessa final cobreix unes 55 milles nàutiques.
  • El creador retira uns flotadors que li feien perdre prop de mig nus.
  • La sortida nocturna consumeix bateria fins que la producció solar supera els 3 kW.
  • Segons el sistema de bord, arriba amb aproximadament un 65% de càrrega.

Més que una promesa de velocitat, el viatge és una demostració d’autonomia: avançar amb menys potència, reparar sobre la marxa i fer que el consum s’adapti a l’energia que realment hi ha disponible.

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  1. 0:14 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    We're currently in the best anchorage ever here in Larapita, Spain. I'm standing here at the sandy shore I am building a Cadamaran dinghy because our dinghy was stolen and we absolutely not order anything The shipments companies apparently don't deliver they straight-up told me that if they don't find anybody at the address Immediately they do nothing else than disappear They do not send a message. So we're gonna build a Cadamaran dinghy. I have some foam here a piece of wood. This is already buoyant enough To carry my entire weight and we're gonna have two of these Put side by side. So let's try it out and once we have a dinghy again We can hit further south possibly going now to Ibiza on full solar So this is the foam I intended to put on my trimer and outriggers, but we need a dinghy more than the trimer and currently and Yeah, I tried to order everything it doesn't arrive. So here is the solution I'm gonna show you how I build the Cadamaran dinghy I'm gonna figure out how wide it needs to be This is the first test of the Cadamaran dinghy prototype. So It's stable enough to stand on a single consume and

  2. 2:58 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    Very stable once you stand on both the Yeah, I'd say it's a success So we're still in Larapita waiting for our marine toilet shipment It might arrive on Monday currently. It is Saturday I've created the exact blueprints now of the optimized version of this boat with a lot of more solar power and Higher cruising space, but more importantly, I've been designing the next model We might start building it in Sweden a friend of mine is gonna start with the bulk heads of the build And then we figure out the rest later I've planned it so that the bulkhead dimensions will remain Identical independent do some small changes of the size of the vessel That is very exciting, but now that we're stuck here waiting for the marine toilet that might or might not appear We're gonna go check out some flamingos and an old castle It should be less than an hour's cruise here in Larapita. So let's go There's the castle much smaller than expected and phase a bit disappointed because I saw like a one meter turtle When I was standing on the front deck she didn't have enough time to seat now. We're going a bit slower

  3. 6:34 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    It's getting quite shallow It's too shallow to continue. I tested with the anchor It is this deep and we're not gonna continue by boat at least Or maybe there is a way we got 30 centimeters of graft So I'm just gonna push ourselves to the castle We're leaving now the toilet did not arrive. I need to probably walk by foot to a store and just get it because We're living in the stone age here in Spain. No communication, no SMS, no calls I cannot reach them and now I've reinforced this trimmer and attachment here It should be good enough for a couple months while testing it I hope we can find a store to get some more materials for it But that is also very unlikely. So let's just go to Biza. I guess We're now on our way from Larapita towards Bina Ross and then from there We're gonna go to Denia tomorrow and from Denia to Biza and here's a positive thing I've noticed the trimmer and up grade looks absolutely terrible when it hits the water But when I was looking there on the outside Literally pushing them testing them are they strong enough and they're not fully attached yet

  4. 12:40 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    The pontoons actually move back when I push them but here even though they are completely submerged We're going at top speed almost the arms don't move at all and that means that the actual resistance When they hit the water in this way that looks absolutely terrible It doesn't produce any significant amount of resistances So that's right there looks like it cannot work But it's really not slowing the boat that much and we're gonna improve it Of course with the addition of foam and making it more hydrodynamic also on the top We can reduce even more of that friction while adding more stability It's gonna be awesome to see the result. I hope I can do that before we head to the Biza We're now in Bina Ross and I got good news for you The solar power cat build has now officially started So a friend of mine just ordered the first pieces for the plywood bulkhead So we start from small things such as the entire bulkhead construction of the pontoons But we don't even have the entire working space or the whole available yet And that's remains to be seen later the exact dimensions of the build will be determined later as the build plan is

  5. 14:09 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    Adaptive the pontoons will be of the same shape But we can make them slightly wider apart. We can make them slightly longer or we can make them slightly higher The catamaran dinghy is working very well Of course, it's super slow because of the inefficient crude build method But it is stable and we're never gonna get wet when we now Go to the boat and back to the shore. I got an idea. I'm gonna stop here and It's scrubbed the bottom of the hole now completely and then make the test How much slower are we with the trimer and pontoons or are we equally faster? With this tool, I get almost everything off immediately and then I need to scrub some areas where the main tool doesn't Now we're pretty clean. It's not perfect, but very close to our top speed Okay, so we're going at full total now 6000 watts. We're losing roughly half a knot of speed And that's not super good because I've also reduced it a lot of the ballast here So my idea is that I need to fix the pontoons so that they do not produce so much resistance And then we go for another test if it works much better. I keep them if it doesn't work

  6. 19:24 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    I'm gonna go with the heavy version instead and sink the boat deeper with more ballast More ballast equals more stability a slightly longer water line as the bow sinks deeper and most importantly It makes the boat more silent the problem with the trimer and upgrade is that when I reduce the amount of ballast The boat makes more noises, so there's two aspects of comfort the motion and the noises And I'm trying to figure out the perfect balance We've now made it to Valencia and we have pulled up the flag to increase the behavior score of the law enforcement It's surprisingly not that hot inside of the boat as long as there's some air coming through the front window And then to the back door we're actually not getting overheated what I discovered is that Windows are the worst problem not the black paint job So the windows lit in more heat than a black paint job. I've removed the pontoons now I've tested I am half a knot faster once again We got them in the front if I want to put them back But I figured that I can just have the stability and comfort in anchor with

  7. 21:56 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    Beam here having something out there to provide buoyancy or resistance or weight And that brings all the stability I need in anchor and rather I'll be cruising faster and rolling a bit because it's an adventure And then I will also add more ballast here. We get to have a bit more stones here and a lot more food in here I'm gonna fix the holes with some duct tape Everything is temporary Except the glory of the helios as good as new Now this will bring much greater stability in anchor. We got the chain We got the mast for the backup sale We got a piece of foam as a plate to increase the friction of the chain moving through the water We got the anti-roll device defeated Here's Nick is doing a circumsiligation with his 34-foot sailing bolt Now we're gonna test the performance of the anti-roll system All right, so we attach it here with the rope in the corner And then one rope comes down here That's a very long arm and that's a lot of stability Kind of like a few different Yeah, it's crazy Okay, that's the maximum So we get an arm of what is it two meters two and a half meters

  8. 24:22 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    That's pretty solid So we're now here in Valencia The goal is to tomorrow head to this There's a river here and in the river we can have a perfectly calm anchorage independent of any winds but It's supposed to be pretty calm weather the following days Then we're gonna head to denier here Here we have a reserved a marine toilet there's denier And then from denier We will head to Ibiza Ibiza That's roughly 50 nautical miles and we can do that in eight hours Here we are in the river. It's getting a bit hot on the inside Today is 31 degrees Celsius We do have a good drafts coming through here The window the doors open in the rear So we just need to have a fun in order to not get hot In case it would be a very warm day and no wind All right, so some retarded kids have been throwing rocks at the cars Here also the boat We get one hit and yeah tomorrow we're gonna Check how much this impacts the solar input Those fuckers Yeah, they were up there throwing rocks at the cars And also thought it was fun throwing them on the boat

  9. 28:11 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    I got one rock in my head as well But they were small luckily We get good news the damage on the solar panel has resulted in zero measurable losses On solar input We're currently roughly six nautical miles from denier And it's smooth sailing cruising at seven knots on this sunny day I did the cross comparison of today's solar input And yesterday's solar input in the victor nap at the same exact time A bit earlier than this It was completely sunny just a few moments ago And we have the same solar input As yesterday at the same time of the day Now we're anchored pretty much as close as possible to ebisa We got roughly 50 nautical miles to cross tomorrow That is not much because we got over 150 nautical miles of battery capacity on board And the journey should take roughly eight hours depending on the wind and the waves Before heading out tomorrow, let's grab some provisions We're going to little for the organic stake Here's the weather forecast for tomorrow 6am in the morning We are here in Zabia Five knots of wind Irrelevant and yeah, it's coming From behind and slightly from the side We got no wind closer to ebisa

  10. 31:34 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    Later during the morning We have roughly the same conditions And in case our journey extends longer We can have a bit of headwind, seven knots, eight knots Not really significant Time to sleep We got six hours of sleep until 4.50 am tomorrow Now the sun is rising We're getting our first watts of solar power Now the sun has risen Our solar input is roughly 1,700 watts I've pushed the throttle now up to 3000 And we're still burning through a bit of battery And we'll see how it goes The couple hours of the complete darkness I think we were cruising four hours With pretty much a zero solar input So we burned then eight kilowatts of battery capacity So we still have a lot of battery left Let's keep it that way And keep moving forward Time for a nap Face driving It's funny that these sounds the boat make Are kind of annoying when in anchor But when we're cruising I'm actually sleeping better I'm used to my childhood When we had my father's boat I remember the mornings When I woke up Still sleeping a bit As my father had already started the journey And you could hear pretty much this sound

  11. 34:50 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    Now we got over 3000 watts coming in from the solar So we can put the throttle to 3500 Without really burning any batteries Our batteries are still over 50% So now we got roughly 20, 22 kilowatts Over the capacity left in the batteries And we're barely burning them Maybe 500 watts only We're almost there Pretty good performance All right, we've now made it safely to Ibiza It's been a long journey All the way from Finland to Spain On a zero fuel I'm a bit proud Making it so far On such incredible prototype And now we're gonna rest Finding the first proper anchorage That's a good location All right, we got both the anchor and the chain On the sandy area This seaweed area would be illegal Awesome, now the batteries charging up We got currently roughly 65% battery remaining After this 55 nautical mile journey Most of it in darkness The batteries should pretty much be full in the evening And now we got the opportunity To install the marine toilet All right, so there we put in the water for flushing That's the flush I don't think we need to talk more about the toilets Shitting around is not my hobby

  12. 37:57 , obre el vídeo en una pestanya nova

    All right, it barely fits in here But the wrong way, so we get out Cut off the hole just a bit larger And then we're going to go We just caught our first fish in the Mediterranean I just used thread I'm gonna try to get more of them Yeah, these are not the smartest fish This is the largest one Wow Now that's a meal, very happy catching my first fish in the Mediterranean This bread smells exactly like it did one month ago Don't eat it Now that wasn't the worst way of starting the visit on this island There's still so much to explore And I'm looking forward to showing you all that In the upcoming videos Take care now, subscribe And I'll keep you updated On the mission of a lifetime