La bateria de liti amb forma de condensador dins d’un vapejador d’un sol ús
Un vapejador amaga una cel·la de liti soldada i marcada com a 360 mAh, però la prova en mesura prop de 280. El desmuntatge revela enginyeria eficient i un residu perillós.
Sembla un condensador electrolític, però és una bateria de liti. En aquest desmuntatge de bigclivedotcom, un vapejador d’un sol ús amaga una cel·la cilíndrica en una carcassa poc habitual, soldada a una placa dissenyada per fabricar-se amb molt poc cablejat.
El vídeo és una exploració electrònica, no una guia segura de reutilització. El mateix autor adverteix que extreure la cel·la pot provocar un curtcircuit i un incendi. Les recomanacions oficials actuals són encara més estrictes: no s’ha d’intentar retirar una bateria integrada que el producte no ha dissenyat perquè es pugui separar.
1. Un «condensador» que emmagatzema energia com una bateria
A 00:59, Clive mostra el component: una llauna d’uns 13 mm de diàmetre i 30 mm de llarg, marcada com a liti i amb una capacitat nominal de 360 mAh. La forma i la funda recorden un condensador, però el símbol de polaritat i la densitat d’energia indiquen que és una cel·la recarregable.
Un supercondensador convencional no seria adequat per alimentar el calefactor durant tota la vida del dispositiu: té més autodescàrrega i menys energia per volum. La novetat és l’encapsulat, no un principi químic diferent.
La banda de signes positius també pot confondre qui està acostumat als condensadors electrolítics, on sovint la franja identifica el negatiu. En aquesta cel·la, segons el vídeo, la banda assenyala el terminal positiu.
2. Un disseny optimitzat per muntar, no per reparar
El cartutx del vapejador entra sobre dos contactes daurats que llisquen contra els fils del calefactor. Un LED muntat a la placa envia llum fins a l’extrem mitjançant una guia transparent enganxada al costat de la bateria. El sensor de calada queda separat del circuit principal.
A 03:47, el desmuntatge revela que l’anomenat «micròfon» és un pressòstat: una membrana conductora es mou amb la diferència de pressió quan l’usuari aspira. El circuit integrat activa la resistència, encén el LED i imposa un temps màxim per evitar que el calefactor quedi alimentat indefinidament.
La resistència és una malla metàl·lica molt fina envoltada de material absorbent. Els fils es connecten per simple pressió i petites quantitats de segellant mantenen el líquid al seu lloc. Tot redueix peces i facilita una cadena automatitzada.
El resultat és eficient per produir milions d’unitats, però dolent per desmuntar-les. La bateria està soldada, el líquid pot contaminar la placa i el producte barreja plàstic, metall, nicotina i electrònica en un volum minúscul.
3. 360 mAh a l’etiqueta, prop de 280 mAh a la prova
A 05:34, Clive explica que va carregar i descarregar dues cel·les diverses vegades. La millor mesura va quedar aproximadament en 280 mAh, per sota dels 360 mAh impresos. Ho compara amb bateries anteriors de 500 mAh i dedueix que el nou model pot durar menys.
És una prova de taller sobre una mostra molt petita. No permet concloure que totes les cel·les de la sèrie siguin fraudulentes: la capacitat mesurada depèn de la tensió de tall, el corrent, la temperatura, l’edat i el mètode del carregador. Sí que mostra una diferència prou gran per qüestionar la xifra nominal i demanar dades del fabricant.
El dispositiu tampoc incorpora un sistema de càrrega accessible. Clive va comprovar si els contactes del cartutx podien servir per recarregar, però el xip econòmic no oferia aquella funció. Una cel·la químicament recarregable acaba, per disseny comercial, en un producte d’un sol cicle d’ús.
4. El punt més perillós: dessoldar el positiu
La placa té una gran superfície de massa al voltant de la connexió positiva. A 04:00, l’autor explica que una eina o una gota d’estany pot unir accidentalment el positiu amb la massa. La carcassa del sensor també és conductora i queda molt a prop.
Un curtcircuit en una cel·la de liti pot generar un corrent elevat, escalfament, ventilació de gasos i foc. El vídeo suggereix descarregar-la fins a uns 3 V abans d’una intervenció experimental, però això no converteix l’operació en segura ni és una instrucció per al públic.
L’Agència de Protecció Ambiental dels Estats Units recomana explícitament no intentar retirar bateries integrades de vapejadors si no han estat dissenyades per sortir fàcilment. Un tècnic equipat pot estudiar un exemplar; un consumidor no hauria de repetir el desmuntatge a casa.
5. El residu combina dos riscos
Un vapejador rebutjat no és només «una bateria petita». Pot conservar nicotina líquida, tòxica per contacte o ingestió, i una cel·la que pot incendiar-se si una compactadora la perfora. L’EPA indica que aquests dispositius no s’han de llençar ni a la brossa domèstica ni al contenidor de reciclatge convencional.
La mateixa agència ha documentat més de 240 incendis atribuïts a bateries de liti en 64 instal·lacions de residus dels Estats Units entre 2013 i 2020; entre les fonts habituals hi havia petits aparells i cigarrets electrònics.
El problema no acaba amb «reciclar el liti». Separar manualment bateria, líquid, metalls i plàstics és lent i car. Si el producte apareix al carrer o barrejat amb envasos, ni tan sols arriba al flux de tractament adequat.
6. Del «veto imminent» de 2023 a la prohibició britànica
Quan es va publicar el vídeo, el novembre de 2023, Clive deia que una prohibició dels vapejadors d’un sol ús semblava imminent al Regne Unit. Finalment, la venda i el subministrament van quedar prohibits l’1 de juny de 2025.
La normativa britànica obliga els venedors de vapejadors a oferir recollida per al reciclatge, inclosos aparells, pods, bobines i bateries. El govern adverteix que l’emmagatzematge o eliminació incorrectes comporten risc d’incendi i que les existències d’un sol ús no es poden vendre: s’han de gestionar com a residu elèctric.
Això no significa que la mateixa prohibició s’apliqui automàticament a Catalunya o a tota la Unió Europea. La ruta correcta depèn del municipi, però el principi és comú: portar l’aparell complet a un punt de recollida de petits aparells electrònics, bateries o residus perillosos, segons les instruccions locals.
Conclusions
La cel·la amb forma de condensador és una solució enginyosa per a una finalitat poc sostenible. Fa el producte compacte i fàcil de fabricar, però no recarregable per a l’usuari, difícil de reparar i arriscat de separar. La prova del vídeo també suggereix una capacitat real inferior a la impresa.
El missatge pràctic no és recuperar bateries del carrer. És preferir dispositius recarregables i reomplibles, retornar els usats als circuits de residus electrònics i no posar-los en contenidors ordinaris. Dins d’un objecte barat i efímer hi ha prou energia i química per provocar un incendi molt després de l’última calada.
Contrast i context
Fonts consultades
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01
bigclivedotcom Lithium "capacitor" in a disposable product
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02
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency How to Safely Dispose of E-Cigarettes
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03
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Used Lithium-Ion Batteries
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04
UK Government Single-use vapes ban: information for businesses
Font de treball
Transcripció amb marques de temps
Consulta la transcripció
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0:00
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Something very interesting has happened in the industry of disposable items that use the one-use rechargeable lithium cells And some people got in touch with me and said The appeal to capacitors in them now and that doesn't really make much sense However, what's inside does look like a capacitor Let me just put this out the way and open one of these up so these as you may have noticed are the incredibly ecologically unsound. Vapor inhalation devices being all cryptic here don't see the words and upset the tubes and the construction of this is completely changed the idea is that you know yeah it creates a vapor. Now to get these open you push this mouthpiece backwards and forwards until it gradually works out. Different
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0:58
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construction to the previous ones but what's inside is the very need. Then tap it down like that, the whole lot slides out and there is the thing that looks like a capacitor, let's get a close up in it. Now a civic capacitor would not be suitable for applications like this because they have a very high rate of self discharge and also they've not got a good energy density, but this one is mod 13 300 which is I presume that's 13 millimeters down at the time. There's a 13 and 330 millimeters long is the full thing. There we go, there's your 13 millimeters long. But the lithium cell has the higher energy density and it is marked. The point symbol which does indicate standard lithium iron and 360 milliampere, which seems to be very come for these. They used to be 5 million milliampere, but they've cut things down to them, they've cut them out of liquid down as well. Other interesting things were
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2:01
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they're not. When you wiggle this, it comes out with two gold plated pins, that's also very wasteful. And it turns out it connects to the the heater by the then gold flashed wires in here. The as you push it in it literally just skids along them in in the connect-up. For those who use these things, it's worth mentioning it comes apart very easily for refilling. Something that is interesting though, I'll take this out completely and look at the circuit board. The LED that would normally be in the end is now on the circuit board and it's shining along a little light guide that is literally just stuck onto the side of the cell. But also they have separated the little sensor here by the look of it. And there's a separate little chip under there which will take a look at and due course. And I tried experimentally, oh that does come off, that's good. I tried
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2:58
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experimentally, putting power onto these pins after working out the plotted to see if the chip still had the recharge functionality, but it doesn't. You can't, that would have been great, you could made a little adaptor that you plugged on it, would have recharged it, but they have I've prevented that, they've also potentially made it quite hard to reuse these. Hmm. Anyway, I am going to take this out and desolder from the circuit board. We'll look at the circuit board. I shall test the cell and we'll see what results we get. One moment please. Reverse engineering is complete. Let's explore my apologies if my voice goes squeaky or cracked at some point because I've got a bug at the moment, it's just making things a bit unpleasant. Let's take a look at the circuit board. On one side we have a device mark,
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3:47
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MIC, as a microphone, it is not a microphone, it is just basically a pressure sensor. I will open that and I'll show you what it looks like inside. It is our membrane and top to try and prevent liquid githyan, which does cause huge problems with these. There are the battery connections removing the battery and it's the oil capacitor from was very, very scary because There's a huge ground plane on the back of the circuit board and that surrounds the positive connection which means if you're trying to desold that and you break through the insulation, the solder is this layer, then it'll short the patch out and it makes it very tricky getting out. Also, if you were trying to desold it and you'd touch the case of the pressure sensor microphone here, it would also short out lots of things to sure out onto it's not easy removing them. Also they get a fur ahead thermal mass. That makes it tricky.
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4:38
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On that side we've also got two hollow pins that are sort of go plated, I think. Yes they are go plated and they go into the cartridge and they actually connect to just fold it over wires and are sure those as well. On the other side we have the chip, ascic application specific it became degraded circuit. There is normally mounted in sight these, I wonder if I they've mounted it externally. It has a decoupling capacitor across the supply rails. It goes, it's got one connection, grounded by the microphone marked pressure switch, and then it's got one output going to an LED which also goes to this ground reference, and then it's got the heater output going to the positive pin of the heater, with a negative pin connected to the chassis negative and well everything negative all the time. Let me show you the schematics. I had tested these lithium cells. It says there are
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5:34
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360 mAh. I have done a few charged discharge cycles on them. And the capacity I got was roughly at best 280 mAh and that was energy in versus actual like monitor discharge. So So at not quite the 360mAh advertising fact, if you look at the other traditional devices made by the same company, they used to have a 500mAh cell, and that kind of makes me think they've pretty much half the lifespan of your device, your disposable device. And I show them, I'll show you right now, just so you know, if you like those devices, they make a rechargeable version of the USB-C and a little pods that go in much better for the environment. moving on. This cell here, the capacitor disguised cell. A couple of things worth mention about it has a light guide literally just stuck onto the side to bring the
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6:30
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light from the LED up to the end where it just glows through the end of the device. In a very haphazard manner but it works, it shows its doing stuff. It also is worth mentioning that unlike capacitors that large black band in these is marked with a row of positive symbols because it's the positive and not the negative. So here's the application specific integrated circuit. Let's write in the value of that. I'm going to say let's say it's actually 260 million power. Let's be generous about that. Maybe it's not sure. But there's the lithium cell. There's a little decoupling capacitor to provide circuit stability. There's the acid, the application specific integrated circuit, which is marked V6999 and then underneath SY332728B of come across S. Y. However, I could not find data sheet on it. However, again, let me just grab something here. It followed the standard pinout of vape devices that use these things. The inputs
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7:33
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to it are just the switch that switches representing the diaphragm which are shrew in a month. There are two outputs. There's the output that LED to make it glow. It's got built in and then there's the high current output to the heater. The heater is interesting. It's formed from a piece of punched mesh that is being expanded, but super, super thin. Look at this, let me see if I can pick it up. It's very, very hard to pick up. It's tiny, I'll just put it next to us just to find a part, not to worry.
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8:00
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And they basically spot welded thicker wires with insulation, gaunt flash wires onto the sides of that and then sort of stretched out. so it basically forms a heat element, but it's got a large surface area. To make the heat element, they've got these little pieces to make this a wicking material. These pieces of wick are laminated, they're just laid together, and they're just basically wrapped around that. It's like the heat element has been wrapped around a central cord just to form it. Then these bits of fibers, material have been folded round and tucked out then, then the whole lot has been pushed down inside a metal tube like this, so it just bunches out a little tail. Let's see if I can show you that natural device. Is that showing? Let me zoom down actually,
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8:51
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I shall focus on this. And you can see the little tail hopefully sticking out the side there. just there. And that's the bit that the wicking material basically, when it's put in it, it's got some slots and it but it basically pushes over that and that cuffles the liquid onto it. Let's go back down onto this area and zoom back out a little bit. The way this is terminated, there are a couple of fairly big holes just underneath where that's put into the to the base here. And the two wires are fed down and then there is a goop in here, they've just put a small quantity of the goop that's just sealed those in, and then the wires have literally just been pushed into the point that you've actually kind of folded around like that, and that's electrical connection.
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9:40
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When you push the circuit board in these pins, well actually I'm looking at this one and the pins are looked like solid, they don't look like hollow, but these pins basically just push up there and make the connection with either end of the heat element. The pressure sensor is very classic, it's based on a little cylinder and the cylinder has multiple layers of insulators. It's got out insulator at the side, protecting it from the outer metal case, then it's got a metal core inside that's this bit here with its little insulator on there, insulating ring. And across the top of that is a thin flexible membrane. On the front, packed away by this little tiny insulating wash that's barely visible there is the front electrode which is samaged up against the front of the case and then there's this fiber material put on. When you inhale through the device all that happens
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10:33
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is there's a perforations at the front there's a little hole from a pressure equalization at the back it pulls that diaphragm up the conductive diaphragm is a metalized miler and it touches the front and that signals back via the switch just basically and the super Colonel Kern just tells it that that's happening. The AASIC, the applications specific, integrated circuit also has timing and stuff built in that will detect if that switch remains close too long. Either indicating that someone's drawn a huge pool of vapor or that the switch has got liquid in it or something or failed or water's ingressed and got the circuit board and it will time it out and it will flash to LED but it will turn the heater off just protect it against burning up.
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11:17
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Technically speaking, if you were all of that type of person who does such things, refilling is a simple, just basically sliding out as shown, get liquid everywhere here. Puffing the end off and injecting liquid down the sides to re-soke this wick, but the tricky bit with this unit is re-charging the lithium cell, because the easiest way to do that, you've look at these ten little pads on here, might be to repurpose one of these. It's got little holes in it where it sits over there, it's just to make space the soda joint, you could theoretically put it a little wire probe through so you literally plug that on and it made a little charging port. But I'm going to say that as I said earlier, are just by yourself rechargeable and get the pods which you can also refill if you wish if you're so inclined. It's an interesting construction. It's the first time I've seen lithium cell inside
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12:16
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a capacitor case. I do kind of want to open one of these up, but they're fully charged at one moment, which is not the time to open one of these up. But I probably will do that. But there we have it. That is the latest version, the V6, I think it is of that alpha type device that you might find lying in the gutter and it's quite interesting inside. If you're If you're brave enough to try and desolder these, keep in mind they may go up and flames in the process of this shorter, then it could be a useful little lithium cell. But that is an interesting device, an unusual evolution with what appears to be custom housing for the lithium cells.